ASTM Standards for Concrete Investigation & Testing
Standards Supporting Reliable Concrete Evaluation Standardized testing procedures help provide consistency when concrete and construction materials are investigated. C3S, Inc. applies relevant ASTM standards and established testing methodologies as appropriate to the...
Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete
Assess Concrete Without Unnecessary Damage Understanding the condition of an existing concrete structure does not always require extensive destructive testing. C3S, Inc. uses non-destructive and minimally invasive evaluation techniques to help identify areas requiring...
Fly Ash Evaluation
Evaluating Fly Ash for Concrete Performance Fly ash is a supplementary cementitious material commonly used in concrete to improve selected performance characteristics, reduce cement consumption, and support durability and sustainability objectives. However, fly ash...
Cement Chemistry & Concrete Materials
Understanding the Materials Behind Concrete Performance Concrete is a complex composite material. Its performance depends on the properties and interaction of cementitious materials, aggregates, water, admixtures, and environmental conditions. C3S, Inc. evaluates...
Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete
Understanding What Is Happening Inside Concrete Concrete distress is not always visible from the surface. Cracking, deterioration, discoloration, scaling, and other problems may originate from conditions within the concrete itself. C3S, Inc. uses petrographic...